Measuring Student Achievement A Study of Standardized Testing - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 867 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Management Essay Level High school Topics: Standardized Testing Essay Did you like this example? Students can have a sense of achievement after daunting tasks, such as standardized tests. In order to ensure that all students have the same opportunity to have a sense of achievement the No Child Left Behind Act was enacted in 2002. The No Child Left Behind Act supports the idea, students with disabilities generally have to be included in school accountability measures meaning they must be tested and schools are judged on those test results (Rhee). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Measuring Student Achievement: A Study of Standardized Testing" essay for you Create order The No Child Left Behind Act means that all students must be tested in english and math before the students can be sent to the next grade level, therefore all students are given these tests. Afterwards students will either feel accomplished or defeated by the test. However the National Council of Churches Committee on Public Education and Literacy envisioned that standardized testing is geared toward students without learning disabilities, as the students in special education will have increased difficulty completing the test. This would be analogous to needing to pass a test for a specific class, but not being given the resources or opportunity to successfully complete it. Even though this act is set to be for all students many are still excluded. A better overall assessment of the student is GPA over standardized tests. GPA is more comprehensive of the successes the student had over multiple years rather than just one test date. There is little correlation linked between student success in higher education and how well a student performed on standardized tests which is eminent in a study UC Berkeley conducted. The study looked at all 80,000 students in the California university system, and found that when admission was based on, high school GPA is consistently the strongest predictor of 4-year college outcomes for all academic disciplines, campuses and freshman cohorts in the UC sample (Geiser). This 2007 experiment was looking for the success rate in 4 years of college and compared it to their success in high school. Overall, students that did well on a day to day basis in the classroom had a higher success rate than the ones who only did exceptionally well on standardized tests. Tests are not indicators of ones ability to use skills that are practiced in the classroom, such as creativity, motivati on and self-discipline. When moving into higher education or the workforce there must be a knowledge of more than just academics, but how to operate in society. Skills adapted outside of the classroom are just as important. Colleges and universities look for students coming into college with more than just academic skill. Being a member of society allows students to be well rounded and gives students an opportunity to work of leadership skills, communication and real world scenarios. A Dean of Admissions for Bates College William Hiss has found: evidence that someone has interests that they have brought to a higher level, from a soccer goalie to a debtor to a servant in a community to a linguist. We need to see evidence that the student can bring something to a high level of skill (Sheffer). In order to flourish in higher education or the workforce there must be knowledge and skill in different scenarios than just a school setting. Standardized testing blindly yields students as to whether or not they are college ready, but the scores are not comprehensive enough to capture other successes in high school. Additionally, even though GPA is an important indicator in the college application process anothe r important criteria are experiences and takeaways that can eventually be used in the workplace. A student that lacks common sense and the ability to learn or cooperate does not have the maturity to be sent to college or the workforce, and a test score does not have the ability to represent that either. As for teachers, they take time to study for standardized tests which could be spent on working on other skill sets. Math and english are incredibly important to be taught in schools because these subject areas are widely used outside of school. However, using time that could be spent on learning science or social studies becomes counterproductive. It is important to show up on exam day prepared, but preparing for standardized testing has the potential to take up class time that should be filled with other studies. In elementary and middle schools, standardized tests can hamper the longevity of the careers of teachers. In New York City, last year, pass rates on the reading exam dropped to 42% from 69% the previous year and to 54% from 82% in math. The city has already decided to close a record 27 schools this year because of poor performance (Kolodner). The drastic drop in student performance can cause students and teachers to feel more pressure to do well, thus taking more time out of class to prepare. Later on, a teacher came out to say that his third grade class had been spending 2.5 hours a day on preparing (Kolodner). Not only are teachers jobs on the line if students do not do well, but the students feel responsible. Overall, testing at any age or grade level creates unneeded stress and wasted time. In order to prevent this from happening less emphasis must be put on testing.

Adler s Theory Of Personality - 1887 Words

First of all, Adler’s theory believes that personality is formed during the first five years of life (Adler, A.,1927). By this age a child develops his/her style of life, and it is critical in his/her personality development. The narrator experiences â€Å"neglect† during these periods: And after some work with a colored pencil I succeeded in making my first drawing. My Drawing Number One. I showed my masterpiece to the grown-ups, and asked them whether the drawing frightened them. But they answered: Frighten? Why should anyone be frightened by a hat? My drawing was not a picture of a hat. It was a picture of a boa constrictor digesting an elephant. But since the grown-ups were not able to understand it, I made another drawing: I drew the inside of the boa constrictor, so that the grown-ups could see it clearly. They always need to have things explained. The grown-ups response, this time, was to advise me to lay aside my drawings of boa constrictors, whether from the inside or the outside, and devote myself instead to geography, history, arithmetic and grammar. That is why, at the age of six, I gave up what might have been a magnificent career as a painter. I had been disheartened by the failure of my Drawing Number One and my Drawing Number Two. Grown-ups never un derstand anything by themselves, and it is tiresome for children to be always and forever explaining things to them (de Saint-Exupà ©ry, A., 1999). According to Adler’s theory, neglect is critical in a child’sShow MoreRelatedThe Personality Theory Of Adler s Individual Psychology Theory1436 Words   |  6 PagesI. Theory Description The personality theory that I have chosen as best identifying with my personality and beliefs is Adler’s Individual Psychology theory (Friedman Schustack, 2012). 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Apply Digital Solution to Work Processes

Question: Discuss about theApply Digital Solution to Work Processes. Answer: Types of Intellectual Property and Examples of each When one speaks of intellectual property, it refers to an entity using their own or combined ideas and knowledge to develop something which is supposed to be new and authentic. There are various kinds of intellectual properties present in Australia- Patents are rights which are created by law in relation to a substance, method, device or a process. The requirements for a creation to be registered as patent are that it should be novel, ready for usage and involves innovativeness (Bentley and Sherman, 2014). Examples of products that are usually patented in Australia are medical equipments, inventions in software, electrical devices etc. If there is any novel process or equipment which the company wishes to protect, they can patent it. Trademarks provide methods to identify a product or service which is unique. It helps customers to differentiate a particular business from others (Greenhalgh and Rogers, 2010). A trademark is often understood as a brand which assists the customer to identify the quality of the product. It can be a logo, signature, style of packaging, picture, smell, shape etc. With the help of a trademark, the company can safeguard their logos from infringement. Designs show the way a product looks the way it does. They include aspects like content, shape, pattern and intricacies. Examples of designs include design of currencies, medals etc. Copyright refer to concepts and ideas which are creative in nature. These ideas are documented through electronic ways. The ideas should be original. Examples of copyrights include academic journals, computer programs, art etc. With the help of copyrights, a company can safeguard the original ideas of their employees (Ricketson et al., 2012). Geographical indications recognise a product which comes out from a particular region, territory. The product derives a quality and feature owing to its geographical origin. Examples include Australian wine. Australian Patent, Design and Trademark Databases to be Searched to Ensure Ideas are novel and does not Infringe others Rights With relation to patents, Australia has its own patent search system known as the AusPat. They serve as a very reliable and non exhaustive search system with relation to data on patents. It provides a free patent search tool for gathering information pertaining to Australian patents. This particular database on the full text searching was first released in the month of December of 2010. The database was already having 50% of its complete collections. There is a service called as the eDossier which gives the customers accessibility to a range of documents with relation to suits on patent applications (Moir and Palombi, 2013). Prior to the application for a trademark, proper search needs to be done to ensure that there are no existences of similar trademarks which are either registered or are pending for registration. The Australian Government has their search engine in relation to trademark searches known as Australian Trademark Online Search System (ATMOSS). Other than this search engine there are other things to be done (Clarke et al., 2011). Trademark classification search helps the individual or organisation to determine the class into which their particular product or service falls into and if other people are using similar trademarks in that class. With respect to designs, the Australian government have their particular designs database known as the AU Designs Data Searching which provides updated information on design registration and application present from the year 1986 (Lee and Sunder, 2014). List of Intellectual Property Rights which can be Used as a Part of the Infringement Strategy If the individual holds a patent to a process or invention and the person finds out that the patent is being copied and used without the persons perusal, certain strategy should be followed. The person can appoint a patents lawyer and send a letter of warning to the person infringing the patent. The person can opt to settle the issue through out of court settlement. The person can eventually sue the infringer in the court (Harris et al., 2013). This is completely dependent on what result the aggrieved person seeks. In case of trademarks, the person holding the trademark can display the symbol to show that the trademark has been registered. The person should update the details pertaining to address prior to the renewal of the trademark. The person has the right to oppose the registration of another trademark if he suspects it to infringe his own (Lemley, 2012). In case of designs, the person has to first get his design examined and should obtain a certificate of examination. Once the design is proved to be valid, the person is provided rights. If the person suspects the design to be infringed he should hire an IP professional. He can ask for a hearing proceeding to contest the right of the infringing party. Acts and Regulations Administered with Respect to Australian Intellectual Property With respect to patents there are certain Acts and regulations that are present. The Patents Act 1990 (Cth) (Patents Act) gives the present legal structure which governs the aspects of granting and administering of the patents applied in Australia (Nielsen et al., 2010). The Patents Regulations 1991 helps in administering of patents, outlines the functions and powers of the Commissioner of patents. For trademarks the main legislations and regulations are the Trademarks Act 1995 and the Trademarks Regulations 1995. These legislations speak about administration of trademarks. They also outline the powers and functions of the Registrar of trademarks (Bouchoux, 2012). The Copyright Act 1968 and the Copyright Amendment Act 2006 list the major provisions pertaining to administration of copyrights. The Designs Act 2003 and the Designs Regulations 2004 outlines the structure for the grant and administration of designs including industrial designs in Australia. References Bently, L. and Sherman, B., (2014).Intellectual property law. Oxford University Press, USA. Bouchoux, D.E., (2012).Intellectual property: The law of trademarks, copyrights, patents, and trade secrets. Cengage Learning. Clarke, M., Seng, D. and Whiting, R.H., (2011). Intellectual capital and firm performance in Australia.Journal of Intellectual Capital,12(4), pp.505-530. Greenhalgh, C. and Rogers, M., (2010).Innovation, intellectual property, and economic growth. Princeton University Press. Harris, T., Nicol, D. and Gruen, N., (2013). Pharmaceutical Patents Review. Lee, P. and Sunder, M., (2014). Design patents: law without design. Lemley, M.A., (2012). Intellectual property and shrinkwrap licenses. Moir, H.V. and Palombi, L., (2013). Patents and Trademarks: empirical evidence on'evergreening'from Australia. Nielsen, T.D., Cruickshank, C., Foged, S., Thorsen, J. and Krebs, F.C., (2010). Business, market and intellectual property analysis of polymer solar cells.Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells,94(10), pp.1553-1571. Ricketson, S., Richardson, M. and Davison, M., (2012).Intellectual property: cases, materials and commentary. LexisNexis Butterworths.

To what extent had the NEP achieved its objectives by 1924 Essay Example

To what extent had the NEP achieved its objectives by 1924 Essay There were many origins of the NEP one being the increasing lack of food and the need to produce more. The Kronstadt revolt of 1921 displayed to Lenin that the loyal supporters that they did have were revolting and showing a lack of support. This was serious as they had few followers anyway. The tamber uprisings also showed that people especially the peasants were unhappy and this needed to change in order for Lenin to keep power. One of the objectives of the NEP was to keep the peasants happy, as they needed them for the industrialisation process that was needed in Russia before a true communist state can be formed.The NEP was crucial in order to keep the system alive as Lenin had already seen many of their true followers going against the system due to the fact that they were unhappy with it. Lenin wished to achieve Symchka that was a hope that the changes that were made by the NEP would bring about a bond between the peasants and the industrial workers. Lenin also wished that a sh ift of the peasants to the proletarian class would also occur. Lenin also had a desire of solving the issue that there was a devalue of money by introducing a new rouble and in doing so hopefully making Russia more industrialised. There were many divisions present in the communist party and Lenin believed that the implementation of the NEP would convince those who believed that the NEP was a betrayal of socialist principles1.In order to analysis if the NEP had achieved these objectives the circumstances in Russia before this policy was implemented must be taken into consideration. Before the policy of NEP was introduced the policy of war communism was around. This was when there was a ban on private trade, nationalisation of industries, labour disciple, growth requisitioning and rationing. Although this allowed the lowest of the peasants to get new houses and be better off and some factories stayed open due to nationalisation, which ensured jobs, overall it left Russia in an awful s tate. There were food shortages, people always queuing up for food, fuel etc, corruption of some of the Bolsheviks members; an increase in prostitutes a big wave of emigration. There are many more atrocities that war communism had left Russia to deal with. This left The NEP working from a very low base.By 1922, the results of the NEP were better than anybody expected the grain harvest and pig iron production levels regained or surpassed their pre 1914 levels. In some areas the ravages of famine remained but on the whole agriculture began to meet the needs of the people and then the industries began to produce the goods required by an expanding market. These high levels that were found in agriculture shows success of the NEP and that Lenin had attempted to solve the problem of such riots as the Kronstadt revolt in order to keep the peasants happy.With Grain harvest going from 37.6 million tons in 1921 to 72.5 million tons in 1925 would have proven the peasants to be happier as under the key features of the NEP the peasants were allowed to sell the surplus that they gained. This would have created a better life style for the peasants than they were used to. Other things such as the Cheka were abolished for being unpopular and were replaced by the GPU (state political administration). Policies such as Bukharins order to enrich yourselves were taken up enthusiastically. The peasants were give tenure of their land and were allowed to hire labour and rent land. The land under cultivation increased by 50% and between 1921 and 1927 the numbers of livestock also increased. These examples of Lenins attempted to keep the peasants happier so that they will be more willing to support the1. The rise and fall of the Soviet Union.Party do that the party can remain in control. .This was a success, as the peasants did seem to be more pleased with the party.One of the NEPs objectives was to make Russia more industrialised in order to move on to the final stage, which is a true c ommunist state. Taking into consideration that the NEP was working from a very low base this can be seen as a success as widespread electrification was introduced, transport and communication also slowly improved as it was helped by the importation of over 1000 new engines from Germany and Sweden. This new equipment showed that Lenin was prepared for heavy industrialisation. Russia had become more industrialised as Steel increased from 183 thousand tons in 1921 to 3,141 thousand tons in 1926 this is an increase of 2,958 thousand tons. This shows that an attempt at industrialisation was a success.Through the NEP allowing the introduction of money being allowed this encouraged production levels to increase. This shows that Lenin stabilised the economy by giving the peasants purchasing power. This shows that the NEP achieved one of its objectives by attempting to solve the problem that money was devalued.Lenin wanted to prove to the other members of the party that might have had doubts that they were still holding onto socialist principles and were not abandoning the Marxist ideology. This was achieved by 1923 well over 85% of firms were in private hands with the remainder being in the hands of the government but the government employed over 80% of the workers. The state also tightened control over banking, credit facilities, transport, foreign trade, a lot of large scale domestic enterprises and large scale heavy industries. This displays that the communist party still had control over the people.Although this showed that Lenin was sticking to communist ideas the introduction of the NEP further generated ideals that were against the very ethos of communism such as greed, self-interest, independence and exploitation. With official sanction thousands of little traders, which were to be called the nepmen, began to organise and develop an internal market. This made the people dependant on the black market. As a consequence of this and the fact that the peasants were able to sell their surplus created another class of richer peasants that were the kulaks. This goes against communist ideas and also shows a failure of one of the objectives of the NEP that the peasants would move to the proletarian class because a new class of peasants emerged this was prevented through them oppressing the lower peasants. These new classes would have been seen as an obstacle for Lenin in the long run.The NEP seemed to have many short answers to the problems as it temporarily solved the problem of feeding the masses but the question of free operation of the market system in agriculture wasnt sound to some of the other members of the party.The new freedoms applied more to the workers in agriculture rather than those in industry with the proletariat still being seen as the leaders on the road to the classless society. However, divisions appeared as the use of bourgeois specialists, technicians and the use of wage differentials undermined any idea of proletarian unity . This goes against the idea of preparing them for the revolution and can be seen as a failure of the NEP.Another example of failure for unity is the lack of symchka this failure can be seen through what is called the scissors crisis. This was a widening gap between agricultural and industrial prices. As agricultural production increased in the early 1920s there was a fall in the price offered for the goods. Conversely the prices for industrial goods increased as the shortages caused by inefficient production and the disruption of the civil war. This meant that the peasants had to pay more for manufactured goods but yet they were on a lower income. This would have created a wide gap in the economic field especially. Many also feared that this would mean that the peasants would lose support for the party.The NEP didnt solve the economic problems facing Russia, as there was a reliance on small-scale farming most of which were uneconomic units. They simply couldnt produce the levels r equired for the transition to the desired communist state. This displays that the NEP failed to be able to be a path to the desired communist state as it created to many obstacles.In conclusion the NEP did improve the lives of some people especially after the effects of war communism. If they didnt so something in 1921 a revolution against them could have occurred and they would have lost power and the NEP prevented this. In the Marxist idea it includes a capitalist state and the only way to achieve this was through gaining capital through NEP. This could be seen that the NEP was vital for survival. However, the NEP in the long run created more problems the majority lying in the heart of the Marxist ideology. Although the NEP achieved some of its objectives such as stabilising Russia it created more obstacles that went against the party ideas.

Social Work Knowledge And Skills Analysis Social Work Essay Essay Example

Social Work Knowledge And Skills Analysis Social Work Essay Essay This essay provides a critical analysis of a 10-minute AV entering transcript ( appendix 1 ) of an interview with a service user in a fake function drama. This is non a existent interview, but portion of a pupil assignment. All names used in this recording transcript are fabricated and therefore there are no issues refering confidentiality. The essay comprises two parts. In Part 1, Kolb s Learning Cycle ( Kolb, 1984 ) will be utilised to reflect upon the interview. In Part 2, the ASPIRE Model ( Parker and Bradley, 2003 ) will be utilised to sketch how farther work with this service user would be approached. Kolb s Learning Cycle and the ASPIRE Model will both be briefly outlined within the appropriate subdivision. Part 1: Contemplation and Critical Analysis Kolb s Learning Cycle, which will be used to reflect upon and critically analyze the interview, comprises four phases of larning from experience: Concrete Experience ( i.e. active engagement in an experience ) ; Brooding Observation ( i.e. reviewing and reflecting on the experience ) ; Abstract Conceptualisation ( i.e. concluding and acquisition from the experience ) ; and, Active Experimentation ( i.e. planning and seeking what has been learned ) . Each of these phases will be used in this contemplation and review. Concrete Experience We will write a custom essay sample on Social Work Knowledge And Skills Analysis Social Work Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Social Work Knowledge And Skills Analysis Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Social Work Knowledge And Skills Analysis Social Work Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A fake function drama interview was conducted with Paul Jones, a 60-year old who contacted the grownup societal work squad to discourse the possibility of some aid. Paul is the exclusive carer of his 92-year old male parent, James. Paul has been happening it progressively hard to care for James, who spends all twenty-four hours on the couch and does non even travel upstairs to his bed at dark. James became this manner shortly after the decease of his girl 1-month antecedently. She died of malignant neoplastic disease non long after Paul and James lost Paul s female parent and James married woman to a bosom onslaught, 6-months antecedently. Their lone relation is Paul s boy, who lives up North and is unable to see on a regular basis. The full instance survey can be found in appendix 2. Brooding Observation The intent of the interview was to work collaboratively with Paul in set uping his current demands. With the exclusion of the beginning of the interview when I was nervous and happening background noise distracting, I communicated in a clear and gracious mode. These accomplishments are of import when set uping resonance with a service user, puting the foundations to develop common regard and trust ( Koprowska, 2005 ) . After some debuts and the scene of boundaries sing confidentiality, I placed the interview docket into Paul s control with the appropriate usage of the open-ended inquiry, What has bought you here today? By recognizing the power instability nowadays between societal workers and service users, I was aware to cut down the oppressive impact of hierarchy ( Dalrymple and Burke, 2000 ) . The inquiry did, nevertheless, seem to faze Paul and he passed the inquiry back by inquiring Well, I m non certain how much you know? I informed him that I do cognize a small spot. . . and so gently encouraged him to supply me with some more information. On contemplation, I should hold clarified with Paul why needed the information once more ( i.e. to corroborate truth of inside informations ) . He was clearly uncomfortable with reiterating the information, perchance due to a old opposition to seeking outside aid. I was focused on arousing information from Paul first-hand to forestall any premises being made, but should hold adapted my attack based on Paul s demands. A cardinal strength within the interview was the effectual usage of empathetic apprehension, which appeared to set Paul at easiness. Statements such as, This must hold been a really hard clip for you and appropriate usage of oculus contact and organic structure linguistic communication conveyed empathy, congruity ( genuineness ) , and unconditioned positive respect. These are three core conditions required in person-centred guidance ( Rogers, 1980 ) . I feel that by using these accomplishments within the interview, Paul was able to talk openly about his concerns. Indeed, grounds suggests that congruity supports anti-oppressive pattern by easing the development of a partnership ( Miller, 2006 ) . Paul sought aid under the premiss that it was for James, but with the appropriate usage of open-ended and closed inquiries it was established that he needed aid excessively. The demands of the carer are far excessively frequently overlooked within societal attention ( Herring, 2006 ) , but I ensured I gained a balanced accretion of information on both Paul and James in order to set up both of their demands. Systems Theory ( Bronfenbrenner, 1977 ) purports that in order to understand an person, they need to be assessed in footings of their interactions with their environment and within their relationships. By the terminal of the interview, a shared apprehension had been reached, every bit good as a program of action in footings of set uping a place visit and reaching Citizen s Advice to discourse fiscal concerns. Therefore, the initial purpose of the interview was met. Abstract Conceptualisation When discoursing his jobs, Paul was really unfastened and extroverted, as was facilitated by the usage of non-verbal encouragers such as nodding and tilting somewhat frontward to demo involvement ( Seden, 1999 ) . He was, nevertheless, resistant to foster outside aid such as from his GP or a counselor. I was careful non to judge Paul on this and to remind myself that there are a figure of grounds why he might be immune ( e.g. old negative experiences with wellness professionals ; household belief systems, etc. ) . Interestingly Paul did portion that James would besides be immune to outside aid, bespeaking the possibility that seeking aid is non portion of the household belief system. It was of import that I did non oppress Paul or James by sabotaging their duties for the picks they make ( Dominelli, 2002, p.47 ) . On contemplation, I should hold been more understanding of Paul s troubles accepting aid and adjusted my attack consequently. In peculiar, if I was to carry on this interview once more, I would alter the manner I responded to Paul s concerns that, I am merely worried that I am traveling to lose it with my pa and I frequently find things shuting in on me. . . I should hold probed these concerns farther, as has been highlighted in my feedback, in order to set up whether Paul was a danger to himself or James. One of the cardinal functions within the National Occupational Standards for Social Work is to Manage hazard to persons, households, carers, groups, communities, ego and co-workers ( GSCC, 2002, p.12 ) . Paul s feelings of desperation were mentioned on more than one juncture and, on contemplation, I should hold detected this as a possible hazard factor. I feel I was effectual in my usage of paraphrasing, as used to clear up issues and show active hearing. However, greater usage of summarizing might hold facilitated communicating and ensured that information provided by Paul was being interpreted harmonizing to his ain subjective experiences ( Seden, 1999 ) . I will endeavor to develop these accomplishments throughout my preparation. Mentions Bronfenbrenner, U. , 1977. Toward an experimental ecology of human development. American Psychologist, 32, pp.513-530. Dalrymple, J. and Burke, B. , 1995. Anti-oppressive Practice: Social Care and the Law. Buckingham: Open University Press. Dominelli, L. , 2002. Anti-Oppressive Social Work Theory and Practice. Palgrave Macmillan. General Social Care Council, 2002. The National Occupational Standards for Social Work. Topss England, April 2004. Herring, J. , 2006. Where are the carers in health care jurisprudence and moralss? Legal Studies, 27 ( 1 ) , pp. 51-73. Kolb, D.A. , 1984. Experiential Learning experience as a beginning of larning and development . New Jersey: Prentice Hall Koprowska, J. , 2005. Communication and interpersonal accomplishments in societal work. Exeter: Learning Matters Miller, L. , 2006. Reding Skills for Social Work. London: Sage Publications. Parker, J. and Bradley, G. , 2003. Social Work Practice: Appraisal, Planning, Intervention, and Review. Exeter: Learning Matters. Rogers, C.R. , 1980. A manner of being. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Seden, J. , 1999. Reding accomplishments in societal work pattern. Buckingham: Open University Press. Part 2 Further Work with the Jones Family The acronym ASPIRE represents the societal work procedure of Assess, Plan, Intervene, Review, and Evaluate, which enables the geographic expedition of successfully operationalising a program made with a service user ( Parker and Bradley, 2003 ) . Adopting this model besides encapsulates the 4th phase of Kolb s Learning Cycle: Active Experimentation. Importantly, supervising would be required in any interviews since I am a freshly qualified Social Worker. Furthermore, the part of regular and high quality supervising in the societal work profession has been emphasised ( Crippling, 2009 ) . If the instance of the Jones household was allocated to me after this initial appraisal, I would take an eclectic attack, utilizing the ASPIRE model to steer intercession bringing. An eclectic attack would be adopted in order to guarantee that Paul and James single demands were taken into consideration. I would be unable to place the most appropriate attack to utilize without first meeting with James, therefore an eclectic attack would ease flexibleness between service user demands. Assessment would take topographic point within the place, therefore following a person-in-environment position ( Kemp et al. , 1997 ) . Importantly, supervising would be required in any interviews since I am a freshly qualified Social Worker. Systems Theory posits that in order to understand a service user, their ecological system needs to be taken into consideration ( Bronfenbrenner, 1977 ) . This includes their microsystem ( i.e. immediate relationships ) , mesosystem ( i.e. different parts of the microsystem working together ) , exosystem ( i.e. systems that the person is non straight portion of but that affects them ) , macrosystem ( i.e. the larger societal universe, such as authorities and civilization ) , and their chronosystem ( i.e. a system of alteration ) . The principle for using this theory is that the current jobs experienced by Paul and James appear to be related to recent alterations within his microsystem. This includes the loss of two household members, altering wel lness position ( i.e. James has gained weight, has emphysema, and is going less nomadic ) , altering functions ( i.e. Paul is now exclusive carer to James ) , and a alteration in their relationship. Bell ( 2003 ) asserts that it is easier to understand an person s behavior in the scene in which it occurs, which is the attack I feel most appropriate within this scenario. Family relationships are complex and competently described by Dallos ( 1991 ) as, The kernel of household life is that it is complex and altering and that alone state of affairss and combinations of demands continually originate ( p.7 ) . Therefore, effectual support for single members requires the use of theory and cognition that assesses their demands within the household context. An apprehension of demands and resources is of import when working from the systems position, an apprehension which the theory itself lacks to underscore ( Coady and Lehman, 2008 ) . For the Jones household, demands within their life include mourning, deteriorating wellness, and fiscal concerns. In footings of resources, they are reasonably stray and, despite originating this interview, they are both immune to outside aid, which besides limits their resources. This provides the principle for using a Task-Centered, job work outing attack in the intervening phase of the ASPIRE model. The grounds suggests that such an attack is appropriate for covering with household jobs, new functions, and unwellness or mourning ( Reid, 1978 ) . Paul mentioned a figure of jobs, both personally and in relation to James, and therefore easing him to place the cause of these jobs would be a utile enterprise in assisting him undertake them. By utilizing a job work outing attack within a collaborative partn ership with the household, I would expect that it would heighten their capacity to cover with future jobs if they were to originate ( Germain and Gitterman, 1996, p.139 ) . In bend, educating Paul on the usage of job resolution schemes would move to forestall farther subjugation by supplying him with tools he can use in other countries of his life ( Coulshed and Orne, 1998 ) . A job I identified during the function drama, but which would necessitate to be confirmed via a shared reading with Paul and James, is that Paul could accidentally be conspiring with James detachment. For illustration, by go forthing his tiffin next to the couch so that he does non hold to travel, Paul is making dependence. Thompson ( 2001 ) suggests that when working with carers, it is of import non to promote them in a function that could ensue in dependence and therefore farther oppress the individual being cared for. This would necessitate to be attended to sensitively and without doing offense to Paul. One such manner of accomplishing this is via the job work outing attack to assist Paul recognize this for himself. Indeed, alteration is easier if the waies that professionals and users wish to follow coincide ( Dominelli, 2002, p.25 ) . In working with Paul and James, great consideration would be needed in footings of mourning. It sounds like James might be sing depression associated with one of the purported phases of mourning ( Kubler-Ross, 1989 ) . In add-on, Paul might be in the choler phase or perchance unable to treat his feelings due to the emphasis of taking attention of his male parent and worrying about fundss. Their current jobs are likely to impede them both making a period of restoration orientation, where they can concentrate on constructing their hereafter after their loss ( Worden, 2003 ) . In order to ease a move towards Restoration orientation, I would work with the strengths possessed by Paul and James to guarantee anti-oppressive focal point is maintained ( Parker and Bradley, 2003 ) . There has been some review to Systems Theory, including that it lacks theoretical and empirical support in pattern state of affairss ( Healy, 2005 ) . Overall, nevertheless, the intent of the theory is to work with service users in a manner that enhances and strengthens their abilities to accommodate and work out jobs, which finally provides long-run results instead than short-run solutions. The cardinal function of societal work, as agreed internationally, is the publicity of societal alteration, job resolution in human relationships and the authorization and release of people to heighten well-being ( GSCC, 2002, p.12 ) , and I anticipate that the theories and attacks outlined supra would ease the authorization and release of the Jones household. In order to efficaciously run into the demands of the Jones household, it will be indispensable to carry on the reappraisal and rating phase of the ASPIRE theoretical account in order to supply closing, implement any extra intercessions, and develop my ain accomplishments and abilities through contemplation and critical analysis.

Individual Freedom Overcomes Social Responsibility essays

Individual Freedom Overcomes Social Responsibility essays In the never-ending battle between the ideas of individual freedom and social responsibility, individual freedom is the victor. This clash can be seen in Antigones trials in Sophocles Antigone, Emersons Self Reliance, and Thoreaus Civil Disobedience. Though these writers convey the same idea, they are expresses in many different ways. Emerson wishes all to care about themselves to show their individualism. Thoreau and Sophocles both articulate that one should make their own decisions not let the state ruin their lives. In Antigone, Sophocles shows his wanting of disagreement with the monarch. Polyneices, Antigones brother, revolts against Thebes and wishes to overthrow Creon. Polyneices is killed in the battle and left to rot on the battlefield. Antigone is outraged at the decision by the over-bearing monarch to disgrace her family. She plans a disregarding of the edict and a proper burial for her brother. Ismene does not believe in the unlawful action and warns her sister. You ought to realize we are only women. (Line 70) Antigone thinks of her sister as a disrespectful sibling. Antigone does not want to scar her familys legacy any more but Ismene just does not see that. Ismene does not show her individualism but Antigone earns for everyone to see her civil disobedience. I will bury him myself. It will be good to die, so doing. (Lines 82-83) Antigone has no fear for death because she feels that what she is doing is right and she will not be punished in the heavens for it. The monarch in Antigone is Creon. He believes in himself more than anything else. He believes that no one should be treated different especially women when it comes to punishment. Creon is set on the idea of social responsibility. He believes that a citizen should do all that is in his grasp for his country. He sends men to watch Polyneicess body and to keep his law fro...

Composition of acid rain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Composition of acid rain - Essay Example Acid rain is the "atmospheric deposition of acidified rain, snow, sleet, hail, acidifying gases and particles, as well as acidified fog and cloud water".It also refers to precipitation that is much more acidic than natural, unpolluted rain."The pH scale is used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of an aqueous solution and is determined by the hydrogen ion (H+) content" ("Measuring Acid Rain"). This scale ranges from 0 to 14, moving from strongly acid to strongly alkaline, respectively, with the point 7 representing neutral."The pH scale is logarithmic rather than linear". Hence, there is a tenfold increase in acidity with each pH point. Natural rain is mildly acidic because of the presence of carbon dioxide present in atmospheric moisture, which react together to form weak carbonic acid (H2CO3):H2CO3 is a weak acid and so it partially dissociates to release H+ (aq), resulting in the reduction of pH of the system. This partial ionization occurs in equilibrium, since carbonic acid on ly ionizes 1.7% ("Sources of Acid Rain"):The two dominant acids found in acid rain are sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and nitric acid (HNO3). These acids are created from the primary pollutants sulfur dioxide SO2 and nitrogen oxides such as NO2. These pollutants are usually carried over long distances from their primary source, where they finally result in acid rain. The chemistry of both these pollutants from this source to the creation of acid rain is shown below:Sulfur dioxide is mainly released into the atmosphere through combustion of fossil fuels. The world over, sulfur dioxide is also released by volcanoes and also by the oxidation of sulfur gases released by the decomposition of plants. This natural sulfur dioxide is released very high into the atmosphere, and hence the concentration of the gas is very minimal in unpolluted air. But the sulfur dioxide produced from the combustion of fossil fuels, for example in electric power plants and mined coal containing 1 to 5% sulfur, is releas ed into the ground level air. The concentration of sulfur dioxide in the ground level air is, thus, quite high in certain areas, particularly in the northern hemisphere. This contributes to acid rain over large areas. 2. Nitrogen monoxide is produced as a byproduct of the burning of gasoline in car engines using air as the source of oxygen. The nitrogen present in air, when exposed to high temperatures inside car engines, is converted into the pollutant nitrogen monoxide (NO). A series of secondary reactions in the presence of sunlight produces nitrogen dioxide oxide and ground level ozone, which further precipitate acid rain reactions. NO2 (g) + O3 (g) NO3 (g) + O2 (g) The gaseous NO3 then combines with any reactive hydrogen donor (X) in the atmosphere, producing aqueous nitric acid (HNO3):

Understanding HR concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Understanding HR concepts - Essay Example Evidently, human resource managers use training as a performance appraisal tool, which they conduct either after selection of the employees or during a specific time of the year. Organizations such as Ubisoft initiate a yearly program of performance appraisal as part of their talent development strategy. The value of employee training is an issue that has drawn a lot of controversy within the field of research. Research shows that employee training is a complex and expensive process that demands both time and resources from the organization. Therefore, training increases an organization’s expenses within a year, a feature that has become undesirable for many organizations. During a century of intensive business competition, organizations are experiencing financial constraints and their priority is to minimise any expenses. Some organizations have eliminated their training programs as one way of cutting the costs of production. However, there is evidence that employee training may have a wide range of benefits for an organization. First, training keeps the employees motivated and gives them the zeal to work confidently within their department. Secondly, there is evidence that trained employees have a higher work output and this contributes to an increase in the profit generate d within a year. In addition, employee training helps to develop employee’s talents to help them grow as the organization grows (Bratton & Gold, 2001). This explains why large companies have elaborate training programs that seek to improve the employee performance. However, there are obstacles to employee training programs that the human resource managers must anticipate while implementing performance appraisal. Training may become ineffective when employee have acquired optimal performance and feel that they cannot learn more. In this case, investing in employee training does not improve worker performance. In other cases, the employees may feel

Interview Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

Interview - Assignment Example There are two types of breast cancer. One is ductal carcinoma and the other is lobular carcinoma. Ductal carcinoma is a cancer that occurs in the lining of the milk duct and is the most common type of breast cancer (National Cancer Institute, nd). This is the type of cancer that afflicted the respondent patient. Lobular carcinoma on the other hand is a breast cancer that begins in the milk glands or lobules of the breast. Breast cancer can be invasive and can spread to other areas surrounding the tissue from where it began. Breast cancer also afflict both men and women albeit it is more prevalent among women. The symptoms of breast cancer includes presence of a lump or thickening in the breast, swelling, dimpling, redness, soreness of skin, change in shape or appearance of the nipple and nipple discharge (American Cancer Society, 2010). In our respondent, the initial symptoms were a small lump in the left breast. A small discharge of blood from her nipples which could be observed from the marks in her bra. According to related literatures, genetics is a very small factor in the occurrence of breast cancer. It only composed of around 5 to 10% of all recorded cases (Wattendorf, 2012). What is more prevalent cause of breast cancer is risky lifestyle, lack of children to breastfeed, high levels of hormones and unhealthy eating habits including obesity. Of these causes, smoking tobacco has the highest risk. Long term tobacco smoking increases the risk of contracting breast cancer by as much as 35 to 50% (Miller et al., 2011). Lifestyle, could be the risk factor in the case of the respondent since she is a long-term smoker where tobacco smoking is part of her cultural background. Respondent: At first I just ignored the lumps in my breast because I did not feel any pain. Then one day, I felt pain in my left breast. It was not very painful it is tolerable. So I waited for the pain to just go away and hoped everything will be

Analysis of Solubility and Forming Microemulsions

Analysis of Solubility and Forming Microemulsions Chapter 5 Materials and methods to study  formulation models 5.1. Materials Oils and Surfactants: Ethyl Oleate obtained from Sigma-Aldrich; FK-Sunflower Oil obtained from Fresenius Kabi; FK-MCT Oil obtained from Fresenius Kabi; Miglyol 840 obtained from Sasol; Tween 80 viscous liquid obtained from Sigma-Aldrich; Labrasol obtained from Gattefossà ©; Model API. Devices: Sartorius, Scale Extend, Model ED2245; IKA RET basic, magnetic stirrer; Thermo Electron Corporation, HERAEUS Pico17 centrifuge; UV-spectrophotometer, Eppendorf BioSpectrometer, Kinetic. Other Equipment: Magnetic stir bars; Disposable plastic eppis, Eppendorf, with volume 1.5ml; Disposable plastic cuvettes, Plastibrand, 1.5ml semimicro (12.5 x 12.5 x 45mm); Disposable plastic pipettes, Eppendorf 3ml; Metal spatulas; Glass beakers; Glass bottles with lids; Disposable latex gloves; Protective glasses, shoes and lab coat. Specialized software: Origin Pro 8, by OriginLab Corporation. 5.2. Solubility tests To evaluate which oils and surfactants present better results at forming microemulsions, we pre-selected four different oils and two different surfactants to perform solubility tests with our model API. The oils tested were Ethyl Oleate, FK-Sunflower Oil, FK-MCT Oil, and Miglyol 840. Moreover, the surfactants used were Tween 80 viscous liquid and Labrasol. As shown in Fig. 1 solubility tests were performed using the following method: Firstly, an excessive amount of our API was added with a metal spatula to a concentrate (oil, surfactant or mixture). The chemicals were precisely weighed, and the resulting suspension was mixed, at room temperature, for 16h at 480rpm, at 21 ºC, on the magnetic stirrer. Secondly, the resulting mixed suspension was transferred to disposable plastic eppis and centrifuged at 10000 g for 10min. Thirdly, a new dilution was prepared using the supernatant that resulted from centrifugation. This new dilution must be much less concentrated in order to be measured by UV-Spectrometry. Lastly, the dilution was taken for analytics in a UV-spectrophotometer, where the absorbance values were measured at 425nm, using disposable plastic cuvettes. Other materials used during the procedure were disposable plastic pipettes, small glass beakers and small glass bottles with lids. The method was repeated three times for each oil, surfactant and mixture stock solution. The dilutions were also repeated three times for higher accuracy in the results. Fig. 1. Scheme showing the solubility test procedure. In order to analyze the data, the maximum values of diluted API in the concentrate were calculated from a calibration line for each of the mixtures (API + concentrate) being tested. The UV-spectrometry measurements were repeated three times for more accurate results. 4.3. Emulsifying capacity evaluation by PDMPD method In the second phase of our formulations study, we wanted to evaluate emulsifying capacity. We used the Phase Diagram by Micro Plate Dilution (PDMPD) method that consists in gradually diluting the oil phase with the water phase in a microtitre plate. The PDMPD method is an efficient and innovative approach that allows time and material savings while creating pseudo ternary phase diagrams for microemulsions and nanoemulsions. Compared with the traditional titration method (drop method), the PDMPD method enables a more exact status description of mixtures in pseudo ternary diagrams. It offers as well the possibility of examining the dilution stages simultaneously on just one microplate (Schmidts et al., 2009). Microemulsion assays consisting of a water phase, an oil phase, and a surfactant phase were prepared on microtiter plates (96 wells) as shown in Fig. 1 and described by Maeder, U., et. al in â€Å"Hardware and software system for automatic microemulsion assay evaluation by analysis of optical properties† (2010) with slight modifications. Fig.1. Filling scheme for the microtiter plates. Inside each well, the upper value corresponds to the water phase and the bottom value to the oil plus surfactant phase. The preparation is described bellow: Firstly, the mixtures of oil and surfactants were prepared by weighing (Sartorius, Scale Extend, model ED2245), adding, and magnetically stirring the chosen oil and surfactant. The magnetic stirring process is done using the IKA RET basic, magnetic stirrer, at speed 480rpm, for one hour, at 21 ºC. To evaluate the five different ratios between one oil and one surfactant five different mixtures were prepared, as shown in Table 1. In total 20 mixtures were tested to assess the following mixtures: Tween80+EO; Tween80+MCT; Tween80+Mig840 and Tween80+(MCT,EO). For more accurate results, each was prepared and tested three times making a total of sixty mixtures made. Oil 1 Phase % Surfactant 1 Phase % Mixture 1 50 50 Mixture 2 40 60 Mixture 3 30 70 Mixture 4 20 80 Mixture 5 10 90 Table 1. Oil1/Surfactant1 mixing ratios Secondly, the wells were filled in two steps: In the first phase, starting in A1 and finishing in D4 the mixture is gradually loaded in the wells using a Pipette Research Plus, 200 µl, and disposable plastic pipette tips, Eppendorf, 200 µl. The filling process must be done with care to avoid air bubbles, which is especially hard with the more viscous oils. If air bubbles are present, the plate is not valid for the study and must be thrown away. In the second step, the aqueous phase is added, starting at D5 with 200ÃŽ ¼l up to A2 with 5ÃŽ ¼l. The microtitre plates used were Thermo Scientific* Nunc Flat Bottom 96-well polystyrene transparent plates with lids, 350 µl/well. The wells E1 to H5 of the same plate were loaded following the same procedure, but with a different mixture (different ratio of the surfactant and oil phase). Following this scheme, two fixed surfactant/oil-ratios can be placed on every plate. Table 2, below, illustrates the distribution. Plates Wells Content 1 A1-D5 Mixture 1 + Water 1 E1-H5 Mixture 2 + Water 2 A1-D5 Mixture 3 + Water 2 E1-H5 Mixture 4 + Water 3 A1-D5 Mixture 5 + Water Table 2. Mixtures distribution by plates Finally, the plates were sealed with their respective lids and were set in a Biometra, Rocking Platform, model WT15, for 16h, at maximum speed, with controlled temperature of 21 ºC. At the end of the 16h, the plates were scanned using a RICOH Aficio, scanner, model MP-C2551 with a pre-prepared marked lid. Each plate was repeated a minimum of three times and in different days. From the analysis of the several repetitions, it was determined which combinations resulted in the formation of microemulsion. This study consisted of observing the scans and attributing a 0 when a well showed turbidity and a 1 when was transparent, and it was possible to see clearly the marked dot on the bottom of the well. Two observers did this analysis and the results were crossed checked. When the sum of the three test was 2 or 3, the preparation was considered an emulsion. When the sum was 0 or 1, it was not considered an emulsion as depicted in Table 3. Table 3. Determination of emulsifying capacity of wells A1-A7 of plates 16, 21 and 25 containing a mixture of Tween80% and Mig840 (1:1). After the determination of emulsifying capacity phase diagrams were built. The software used was Origin Pro 8, by OriginLab Corporation. Fig. 2 shows one of the phase diagrams built. Each red point represents an emulsion formulation identified and each white point a non-emulsion. For each line in the diagram 3 plates were prepared and analyzed. Fig. 2 Phase diagram To develop this method, several pre-tests were made in different conditions. In the first experimental setup the vortex was used to shake 2 overlying plates, as shown on Fig.3, at speeds 3, 2 and 1 and then one single plate at speeds 3, 2 and 1, for 16h. These pre-tests showed unrepeatable results and spilling. Therefore, the method was changed: the vortex was substituted by the rocking platform. Different time periods were also pre-tested. Testing plates were set on the rocking platform for 8h, 9h, 16h, 18h, 20h and 22h. The chosen mixing time was 16h as it was the minimum length time tested for which reproducible results were observed, i.e., 18h, 20h and 22h showed the same results as 16h mixing on the Rocket Platform. Fig. 3 – abandoned experimental setup using vortex and two overlying plates

Polyhydroxybutyrate Essays -- Chemistry

Plastic industry has become of vital importance for the comfort and quality of our lives, due to numerous qualities as strength, lightness, low cost and durability. Their downside is the negative impact over the environment, due to the accumulating of millions of tons per year. Therefore, the development of biodegradable plastics seems a key issue for further development. PHAs are hydroxyalkanoate polyesters that are used as energy storage for bacteria. Polyhydroxybutyrate(PHB) is a biodegradable polymer, with similar properties to polypropylene, which gives it great potential as alternative source of plastics. PHB is linear polyester of D-3-hydroxybutyric acid, with high molecular weight, accumulated as a storage carbon in different microorganisms. The PHB-producing bacteria require an environment rich in sucrose, glucose or ethanol, all expensive raw materials. Efforts have been made in the past years to overcome those disadvantages, by producing PHB from plants. (Gehrke, 2009) The first attempts to establish fermentative production of PHA happened 40 years ago, using stains of Ralstonia eutropha and Alcaligenes latus. Biopol ®, a polymer developed by ICI (Imperial Chemical Industries) was produced using a mutant stain Ralstonia eutropha using glucose as a carbon source. That was the start of the commercially available PHVBs, in the 1980s. After the change of proprietorship to Monsanto, the bioplastic’s division was sold and the patent was bought by a Cambridge, (MA, U.S.A.) company called Metabolix (source: press release 16 May 2001, Metabolix.com). The research continued, adding new naturally PHA- producing bacteria to the list, whilst other microorganisms were modified to do so. The carbon source usually used was gluc... ...ndia : University of Pune. 9. Mousavioun, P. (2011). Properties of Ligning and Polyhydroxybutyrate Blends. Queensland, Australia: Queensland University of Technology. 10. Nisha V. Ramadas, S. K. (2009). Polyhydroxybutyrate Production using Agro-industrial Residue as Substrate by Bacillus sphaericus NCIM 5149. Kerala: National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology. 11. Peter H. Yu, H. C.-L.-H.-P. (1999). Conversion of industrial wastes by Alcaligenes Latus into Polyhydroxyalkanoates,. 12. Product information . (fÄÆ'rÄÆ' an). Preluat de pe mirel plastics: http://www.mirelplastics.com/discover/default.aspx?ID=1783 13. Udpuay, S. C. (2008). Production and Characterization of Polyhydroxybutyrate from Molasses and Corn Steep Liquor produced by Bacillus megaterium ATCC 6748 . Phitsanulok ,Thailand: Dept. of Biology, Fac. of Science, Naresuan University, .

Commentary – Staring At The Sun by The Offspring

Maybe life is like a ride on a freeway Dodging bullets while you're trying to find your way Everyone's around, but no one does a damn thing It brings me down, but I won't let them If I seem bleak Well you'd be correct And if I don't speak It's cause I can't disconnect But I won't be burned by the reflection Of the fire in your eyes As you're staring at the sun When I ran I didn't feel like I ran away When I escaped I didn't feel like I got away There's more to living than only surviving Maybe I'm not there, but I'm still trying Though you hear me I don't think that you relate. My will is something That you can't confiscate So forgive me, but I won't be frustrated By destruction in your eyes As you're staring at the sun Commentary (Staring At The Sun) The Offspring are commonly known to be a punk-rock band but they have taken up so many different styles in their albums that many would agree that they sing something unique which cannot be fitted fully in a specific genre of music. But the core of almost every album has been fast songs with really meaningful lyrics (and not just something that rhymes which can be often heard in punk-rock). Their album, Americana not only sold over 10,000,000 copies worldwide but also presented the band in a new light and served as a development of Californian punk-rock. In Americana, the band sings about different events that happen in the life of ordinary American families and teenagers. Staring At The Sun is one of my favorite songs not only because of the music but also because of powerful lyrics which combines well with the rhythm. Generally, the song is about trying to figure out your identity and how you fit in the world. It is especially evident for teenagers that are growing up and trying to fit in everything they do. The song also tells us of people who want to fit in so desperately that they compromise their interests and transform their character in order to fit in. The lyrics remind me of a narrative poem. The first line sets the mood of the song and suggests that the persona is in deep thoughts about life. Simile â€Å"life is like a ride on a freeway† reflects the subject of persona's thoughts. Freeway† suggests freedom in choosing your way of living or your place in the society. â€Å"Ride† links to the idea of searching for something in this society. The second line completes the idea raised in the first line that life is searching for your place, trying to fit in the world. â€Å"Dodging bullets† suggests rage which could mean difficulties that can be encountered when trying to â€Å"find yourself† and that irrespective of anger or grudge that you may have you should continue to seek for your place in society. The next two lines link to the idea that it is important for anybody to be who he/she is and do not care what anyone else thinks. This is suggested by the third line that although â€Å"everyone's around†, there is really no help from them in selecting the path of your life (â€Å"no one does a damn thing†). The next line extends the idea slightly suggesting that being yourself while all the rest turn against you is very hard but you should not quit the path you have selected. The end of the third line and the beginning of the fourth are loaded with â€Å"heavy† words. This becomes even more evident as the singer stresses these words when singing the song. Repetition of â€Å"d† and â€Å"g† in the words â€Å"damn†, â€Å"thing†, â€Å"brings†, â€Å"down† emphasizes the fact that there is no help from the people surrounding you and that they essentially try to stop you from selecting your path (â€Å"bring†, â€Å"down†). But this is then contradicted by â€Å"I won't let them†. The second stanza emphasizes persona's unwillingness to conform to everyone else. This is suggested by the first four lines. The last three lines of the stanza are very significant. In these lines persona is trying to say that if someone is going to destroy himself, he is not going to drag the persona down with him. This is suggested by â€Å"I won't be burned by the reflection of the fire in your eyes†. The words â€Å"burned† and â€Å"fire† are significant here as they emphasize burning, dying out, destruction of character and identity of somebody who is trying to fit in something unnatural for himself. â€Å"Staring at the sun† is a metaphor or analogy for people that are being self-destructive or compromising themselves. The persona says that he is not a part of this and appeals to people to stick to their own paths that they have selected and not compromise themselves. The â€Å"burning† of these lines suggests persona's fury about this situation. The third stanza is about persona in the actual search for his path of life. The first two lines of the stanza suggest that you may be uncertain or doubt the path you have selected when all the people around you are trying to stop you. Echoing of running away (â€Å"ran† and â€Å"ran away†) and escaping (â€Å"escaped† and â€Å"got away†) in the same lines emphasizes your tireless search for the true path, that you may not know what to do or where to go but you should keep seeking for it. This idea is also confirmed by the last two lines of the stanza that you should live in the way you want and not to conform to somebody else's style of living (â€Å"there's more to living than only surviving†) just because you have to, if it is unnatural for you. The last line of the stanza confirms the idea that although you realize you have not found your path yet you should continue seeking for it. It is also significant that the idea of searching, emphasized by the first two lines (â€Å"ran†, â€Å"ran away†, â€Å"escaped† and â€Å"got away†) also links it to the idea that your mind could be confused by other people's opinions. The last stanza again emphasizes the fact that the persona is not going to be dragged down by self-destructive people who compromise themselves. In the first two lines persona is suggesting that although these self-destructive people may understand him they cannot take any action towards changing it as their identity and character are already tied in with the thought that they have to compromise themselves. The third and fourth lines of the stanza signify the fact that persona will not be a part of that by admitting that â€Å"my will† will be guiding him in search for his path and that it cannot be manipulated or â€Å"confiscated† unlike the minds of people who compromise themselves. This is also confirmed by stressing â€Å"my will† which emphasizes strength and endurance. The last three lines of the stanza repeat the end of the second one and thus emphasize the persona's thoughts that it is important for anybody to be who they really want to and not to try conforming to or to fitting in somebody else's style.

Pursuit of Happiness by women in modern day America

Pursuit of Happiness by women in modern day America Civil Rights in the United States Civil rights are what citizens in a democratic country are entitled to and they include rights such as the right to vote, right to equal treatment and opportunities, the right to life and the right to protection from any harm or violence. Civil rights are designed to guarantee the freedom of a country’s citizens, allowing them to speak, think and act without any fear of reprisals. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Pursuit of Happiness by women in modern day America specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is the government’s duty and responsibility to create an effective legal framework that will see these rights being enjoyed by every citizen (Paterson et al. 5). Women’s Role in the Civil Rights Movement The movement of civil rights in the United States was founded with the main aim of ensuring that the necessary legislation was formulated that would enable American c itizens enjoy the civil rights. Past literature that focused on the civil rights movement has shown that women had multiple roles in the movement, the same as their male counterparts. Majority of the women involved in this movement were of black origin while the rest formed part of the minority groups in America (Crawford et al. xviii). These women were fighting for their freedom from slavery and also from being colonized by the whites in a country that was believed to have exercised freedom during a period of instability around the world .A conference for women involved in the civil rights movement were convened in Atlanta, Georgia in the year 1945 to 1965. The conference brought together women activists and scholars who were fighting for the equal rights of women in America. The main objective of the conference was to acknowledge individuals and groups of women who had actively protested and campaigned for reforms in the civil rights. These women were united with the main purpose of gaining the pursuit of happiness that was included in the Declaration of Independence (Crawford et al. xvii). The Pursuit of Happiness The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was seen to be a first step towards creating a more liberal and democratic America. The pursuit of happiness is an important part of the Civil Rights Act that stipulates American citizens have the right to pursue lawful business in a manner that is not inconsistent and disruptive to the equality rights of other American citizens. The pursuit of happiness is meant to increase a citizen’s prosperity and enjoyment in their life or business endeavors (Licht 98). The practice of pursuit of happiness is basically the pursuit of property even though property is deemed to be less valuable than the freedom or life of an individual citizen. Individuals view having property as having security which allows them to be free from any interference by the government or other people. The pursuit of happiness stipulates that havin g secure property is having secure liberty which is viewed to be a sign of security (Licht 98).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The pursuit of happiness for women today is viewed as an important right in America as more women today are fighting to be empowered and gain equality in all aspects of their lives. Women everywhere in America be they in a minority group are seeking the right to feel secure and go about their daily lives without the fear of being attacked or having their right to liberty and freedom being infringed upon. Crawford, Vicki. Jacqueline, Rouse and Barbara Woods (Eds). Women in civil rights movement: trailblazers and torchbearers, 1941-1965, Bloomington, USA: Indiana University Press, P.xviii, 1990, Licht, Robert. Old rights and new. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute. P.98. 1993 Paterson, D., Richard Griffiths and Susan Willoughby. Civil righ ts in the USA, 1863-1980. Oxford, London: Heinemann Educational Publishers. P. 5, 2001

The Fresh Prince of Valley Professor Ramos Blog

The Fresh Prince of Valley It was a cold fall night on November 12 of 2014, a special day unlike any other. It was my 16th birthday, and I just came home from football practice. I was ready to go inside to my lovely warm apartment and relax, but it turns out there was a lock on the door. My mom was telling me that we had just been evicted. At that moment my heart plummeted as I realized the situation we were in. My mother is a single parent who had been already struggling to find a reliable source of income and make ends meet .   For the next couple of days after the eviction, we stayed at a woman shelter,   I would go to school, football practice then head down there afterward. After a couple of days our stay at the shelter was cut short due to the fact that the shelter was to be a safe haven for only domestic abused spouses. At that moment things were at an all-time low, however by the luck of God my tragic fate was about to change. I received a call from one my friend’s father, and that call was a blessing in its entirety. Kyle’s parents had always been a big part of my life, as they had helped multiple times in the past. However this time was different, it was on another level. Kyle’s parents picked me up from the shelter and in agreement with my mother due to the circumstances, I had to part ways from my mother for the time being and live with Kyle’s family. Kyle’s family As his father would describe it are well off. In my eyes there were rich, they had two Range Rovers a Mercedes, and a two story house with a three car garage. Coming from the neighborhood I grew up in, it was rare for a family to have an exotic car in their driveway, let alone have three. I could tell they lived a more flamboyant lifestyle, as Mrs. Evens would go groceries shopping in a mink coat. Mink coats are one of the most expensive clothing brands, mostly seen in rap videos. The first difference I saw was their costumes for dinner time were different from what I was used to. Dinner time usually with my mother we would eat at the sofa and watch television, with the Greens they would eat at the table telling stories about their day without any distraction from cellphones or television. Mrs. Green would cook healthy meals every night on weekdays, and then on the weekends we would usually have dinner at restaurants. In comparison to living with my single parent mother, where I would have gas station snacks or fast food for dinner, since my mother worked continuously. After dinner, it was time to work on homework Mr. and Mrs. Greens would help us if we needed it. The Greens were very big on grades and would either Reward or punish their kids for it. That being said Kyle and his sibling would have a stellar GPA . As for me in high school, I was not the best of students and without having someone around to hold me responsible, I didnt pursue my studies the way I was supposed to. As I   said before school was the utmost importance to the greens, so missing school was not an option. The only reason to miss was because of sickness not because one did not feel like it or overslept. Under the mentoring of the greens I had perfect attendance that year. I remember Mrs. Green paying for Kyle to take SAT prep class this in turn payed off because he received high scores and is now attending the University Of Pittsburgh on a partial academic scholarship. As for me during that time I was focused on passing high school, But because of Greens I started to take my education more seriously, and was more motivated to succeed.   I saw that there is an opportunity through education to make it out the slums.. The holidays were a good time to be in the Greens house as they would go and buy an actual Christmas tree. The tree would   range from 10-20 feet tall depending on the year. This was only possible because of their big living room. Standard living rooms are not fitting 20-foot tall trees. On Christmas day the trees would be decorated, and the presents would be under the tree. Mrs. Green would cook breakfast made for kings, Lunch, and a feast for dinner. They would unwrap presents, and the gifts would be something of a dream to some people. The presents would be expensive gifts such as new game systems, iPhones, tablets, designer clothes, and laptops. The Family was so used to these types of gifts that they would have a fit if they got anything less. I explained to Kyles brother that there would be time   I would not get anything I wanted but was happy for just a gift. He took those words and realized he needed to be more grateful. Throughout the rest of that School year, I learned the quality of life and what it takes in this world to succeed. I would never of gotten the chance had it not been   for living with the Greens. They pushed me to higher my standards and taught me the real American dream, not just the desire to survive. I remember one day they asked me what is my goal in life I said I wanted to become successful. However My version of success was to own a two bedroom apartment because at the time I never had my room. Then Mr. Green Said â€Å"that Nice but the average American middle-class version of success is a four-bedroom house with a two-door garage.† This opened my eyes to what true success was. He told me that I should not settle for just getting by but always striving for a higher quantity of life. I still keep that mindset close to me today. There is no discredit to my mother who raised me into a well-rounded respectful person. After staying with the Greens, I believe that there is such a thing as being a produce of your environment. If all a person sees is one setting that’s what that person   is going to believe in since it is what they are used to. Living with the Greens showed me a different perspective of life and how life is not set in stone; it can be changed. The end of the school year was time for me to leave the greens house whole and move back with my mother who had become financially stable. Still to this day the Greens and I are still the greens are a big part of my life, due to the major impact they had on me, and the lessons they instilled that will be with me forever. In Closing the Greens are like family to me, and if it werent for them I would never get to experience what a two parent household was or what success truly was. Whenever I decide to start a family, I plan to model some of my parenting strategies after the Greens.

Web accessibility and the Internet - Cultural Issues Essay - 1

Web accessibility and the Internet - Cultural Issues - Essay Example The general perception of the internet based information dissemination is often mixed. Some of them are of the view that these initiatives could bring significant benefits to the viewers while the other group are of the opinion that the internet medium could be very "annoying or intrusive" (Pacheco, 2008). Most of the commercial operators opinion that t he internet based operations would be the future gold mine. Also, the viewers feel that the medium of the internet gives them an unique opportunity to get any information in the most quicker and cost effective manner. The studies that explores the importance of views and reactions on the acceptability of internet and web content would certainly help to initiate steps to enhance the teachability of wen content. This exercise is inevitable considering the potential applications the internet have in all the vital domains of human interaction. The studies have been undertaken extensively to assess the qualitative features of the web content that primarily results in their acceptability. On the research undertaken to analyze the aforementioned factors considering the web advertisement as the core aspect have given significant information. The factors like the volume of the content, the type of graphical illustration, the gender and age of viewers, colour and type of fond and artwork are considered in the investigation. The opinion from one such researcher was on the impact that the animation pictures have on the viewers (Zhang, 2006). The researcher was of the opinion that the animation always created displeasure among the viewers as even if the viewer is not inclined to see them they were forced to observe the content. But on the aminated banners positioned on the internet sites it was observed that these had resulted in the quicker reaction times and faster recall than the

Klu Klux Klan Organization Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Klu Klux Klan Organization - Research Paper Example Although the Klan’s numbers have dwindled, the terrorist outfit remains a threat and voice in the United States. The present research provides a background summary of the Ku Klux Klan, considers the organization’s methodology, its tactics and method of operation, and the potential threat it poses to the United States. The Ku Klux Klan was founded in 1866. Of course, one recognizes that at this time slavery had recently been outlawed and the United States was entering into a major transition stage regarding the rights of African Americans. After its 1866 founding, the Klan quickly spread throughout the United States and by 1870 – only four years – the organization had a substantial presence in every state in the union. While the Klan experienced a slight period of decline in the late 19th century, in the early 20th century concerted efforts occurred that contributed to its revival during this period. Particularly, D.W. Griffith’s film the â€Å"Birth of a Nation† motivated much new Klan membership. While Klan membership would gradually decline throughout the 20th century, it experienced a period of revival during the Civil Rights Movement, as Klan organizations mobilized in protest efforts. Since this period the Klan’s numbers have gradually declined (Bullard, 20 05). As the organization began in the wake of the Civil War and the emancipation of the slaves, one recognizes that white supremacy constitutes perhaps its primary epistemological assumption. Of course, one recognizes that the Klan’s most thematic message is its support of racism and white supremacy throughout the United States. While the Klan’s outward expression of racism is a major factor in its overarching methodology, the organization also is recognized as adopting Christian ideals and has historically been linked to Protestanism as a major religious element. In terms of structure, the Klan has evolved a significant amount throughout its extended

Making Sense of DNA Backlogs. Evidence Backlog Epidemic Research Paper

Making Sense of DNA Backlogs. Evidence Backlog Epidemic - Research Paper Example Apart from the usual fingerprint analysis, the use of DNA evidence is employed in other relatable areas such as footwear evidence, accounting crimes, vein matching, glove-print analysis and body identification, among others. This means that the use of DNA evidence plays a pivotal role in crime scene investigations, analyzing trace evidence and skid marks. Nevertheless, despite the magnanimity that comes with the use of DNA evidence, the backlog epidemic that is constantly accosting it is undermining its usefulness. Several factors underpin the DNA evidence backlog, as shall be seen forthwith. The seriousness of the matter concerning DNA evidence backlog is compounded by the fact that cases are considered backlogged if 90 days elapse without the DNA evidence having been analyzed, or when the DNA evidence has not been subjected to analysis and the final report tabled before the agency that submitted the DNA evidence. Because of this, the DNA backlog can be split into: arrestee; casewor k; and convicted offender DNA backlog. The main cause of the buildup in coursework DNA backlog is the very nature of coursework DNA gathering exercise. Given that forensic evidence is herein gathered from crime scene, suspects and victims of crime before being taken to laboratory, processing this kind of evidence consumes time. This is because the evidence must be screened to establish the presence of biological materials. After the detecting the presence of biological material, the nature of the biological material must then be determined. Subsequently, the DNA testing begins. In the event that further complications are brought about by degrading and fragmenting of the DNA evidence from multiple victims or suspects, then more time will be required to solve the complication, and thereby making the process more protracted (Nelson, 2010). The foregoing is not the case with the arrestee and the convicted offender DNA which is less amenable to backlogs. This is because, in the arrestee and convicted offender DNA, there are identical media such as paper products which help in analyzing samples. At the same time, standardized collection methods are available to facilitate forensic laboratories to subject different samples to automated analysis at one go. Similarly, arrestee and convicted offender DNA evidence can be subjected to robotic platforms to process several score of samples in a 96-sample format. Additionally, unlike the case of casework DNA sample, the laboratory analyst needs not find the DNA sample amidst the evidence obtained. This means that the DNA evidence backlog

Banks and Credit System of Exchange Essay Example for Free

Banks and Credit System of Exchange Essay Definition of Banks—Banks are financial institutions that help people to save and borrow money.In a growing economy, the banks help to create a new pool of money to be ised for other economic activities.They complement the money or cash system of exchange with the system of credit. History of Banking in the Philippines During the pre-colonial period, Filipinos also saved and borrowed money, but usually this was done by families, relatives of tribal leaders.The oldest written relic of our precolonial past is the famous Laguna Copperplate inscriptin (LCI), which contains a record of a debt payment in 900A. D.It proves that we have a longt tradition of honoring our debts in our culture. Modern banking, as we know it, really began with the coming of the Europeans. The first credit organizations were the Obras Pias(pious work), created by the Spanish colonial government starting in the 16th century. It is interesting to know that the early Catholics in the Philippines were taught how to tithe(give 10 percent of income to the church).Thus, thye early church in the Philippines was able to collect a fund od money, and its growth and good works increased tremendously. The first general bank in Southeast Asia was the Banco Espaà ±ol-Filipino (now known as Bank of the Philippine Islands), which opened in 1851.It was given authority to issue bank notes.Soon, other banks were opened.The Catholic Church anf their trustees owned and operated most banks during the Spanish colonial period. During the American period, more banks began operations. In 1906, the government established postal savings banks all over the country to bring banking closer to the people.This Promoted the habit of thrift and savings among low-income groups. Now Americans, Chinese and Filipinos also entered the picture. In 1916 the philippine National Bank was organized. Other banks which followed were the China Banking Corporation and the Philippine Bank of Commerce.Before World War II there were 17 banks in the country. The PNB and Postal banks were owned by the Catholic Church and religious organizations, and two by Filipinos and others. The Japanese m,ilitary occupation in 1941-45 briefly restructed Philippine banking. Only Japanese and their Filipino sympathizers were allowed to operate banks. In 1946, after independence, the otigins of our modern banking system were established. Prewar banks were re-opened and resumed operations. The Central Banking Act was passed in 1948. Today, there are thousands of banks all over the country, and some Filipino banks have opened branches abroad. Tyhe Volume of banking services has also increased, as more and more services are being offered. Among these services are car loans, time deposits, automatic tellers, dreive-in windows, night depository, safe deposit boxes, payroll handling, automatic debits, and many more. KINDS OF BANKS There are different kinds of banks as follows: 1. Rural banks-These are located mostly in the countryside. The government encourages the establishment of these small banks in order to bring asavings and banking closer to people in the provinces. For example, a group may set up a rural bank with P20 million capital outside of metro Manila or cities; but p50 million is needed for a bank in the city. The main reason for rural banks is to help farmers with agricultural loans. In 1994, the Pagsanjan Rural Bank founded by Victor Zaide cabreza and Soledad Benitez Cabreza, won the award fo â€Å"Outstanding Rural Bank in he Philippines† 2. Savings and loan association—These small banks gather savings and invest them in long term securities, such as housing loans. A good example is the Monte de Piedad Bank. 3.Special government banks—The Philippine government established several bnks to handle specific duties involving its financial projects.For example, after the war, the Rehabilitation and Finance Corporation (RFC) was created to receive postwar reconstuction funds ang give financial aid to the war-damaged economy. The RFG eventually beame the Development bank of the Philippines (DBP). The Land Bank of the Philippines (LBP) helps the government implement the land reform program. The Philippine Amanah Bank was organized in 1970s to cater for the growing economic needs of Muslim Filpinos. The government may also operate postal banks within selected post iffides around the country. Many small savers and children like to use postal banks because it is closer and more familiar to them. 4.Commercial banks—These make up the biggest banking group, and comprises nearly 50% of the total banking resources in the country. The main function of this type is to supply the circulating capital for the economy in the form of short-term loans.Example are the Philippine National Bank, Metrobank, BPI, FarEast Bank and Trust Company and others. 6.Universal Bank- Also known as a ful-service bank, a universal bank provides more servies than a commercial bank. Banks which have reached a capitalixation of P50 million or more can apply for a universal banking liscence. A universal bank can make more investments and lending.It can act as an investment house, a savings bank etc. It can invest directlyin private companies. Several banks are iniversal banks, starting with the Philipine National Bank, republic Planters Bank, United Cocunot Planters Bank, Allied Bank, PCIB, BPI, Far East Bank and Trust Company, and Metrobank. 6. international banks—As the name says international banks have operations in more than one country. Some Filipino bamks have branches in other countries, e.e. PNB, FEBTC, etc. Similarly, some foreign banks have branches in the Philippines, e.g. Hongkong ang Shanghai Chartered Bank, Citibank, Australia New Zealand, etc. Apart from the private banks, thee are government-owned banks, such as the International Bank for Reconstrucyion and Development (IBRD or World Bank) ased in Washington, D.C.; the Asian Development Bank (ABD) based in Metro Manila; the Bank of International Settkements (BIS) based in Basle, Switzerland. The Uses or Function of Banks The services of banks are: 1.To accept aand guard deposits of money.People go to a bank because they trust that their money will not be stolen inside.ThePhilippine Deposit Insurace Corporation (PDIC) encures each depositor’s money up to a limit. In case the bank closes doen or is robbed, the depositor will still get their money bacl up to a fixed limit. In turn, the bank keeps a written list of the deposit in a savings book, a monthly statement or a certificate . For the right to use the money, the banks pay interest. 2. to lend money. Banks led money to qualified clients. in this way, the bank earns interest and profits. loans are ofdifferent kinds: are short-term. Loans may also be typedaccording to purpose( car loan, housing loan, business loan etc.) This may be a property title, which the bank can get in case the loan is not paid. Next, bigl loans must have a co- signer or one who will guarantee to pay the loan if the borrower defaults 9faiks to pay). 3.To remit and collect money. Banks als transfer or collect money for clients. for example, overseas contract workers can send their remittances to family through a bank to be picked up in Manila by the relative. A businesman can pay for a supply ordered from abroad through a local bank which send the payment to the foreign supplier. Usually, a bank has a correspondent bank abroad in case it does not have branches ther. Banks accept checks, bank dreafts or telegraphic transfers from other banks, according to certain conditions. 4..To perform legal roles like supervising a business, managing a private

Periodic Self-Assessment Essay -- Psychology

As an aspiring clinical health psychologist, I realize increasingly the value of self-analysis. Conducting periodic self-assessment is a healthy activity as I evaluate my current state and where I want to be. Clinical health psychologists expend emotional and physical energy as they help others. Sometimes the daily strain of the job and stress that accompany the job can exhaust the clinical health psychologist both mentally and physically. Professionals cannot provide for clients if their own needs are not being met. Counselors of all theoretical orientations identify their own engagement in personal therapy with another professional as one of the most critical components to maintain their own professional balance and effectiveness (Orlinsky, Schofield, Schroder, & Kazantzis, 2011). The personal dispositions and behaviors that affect my mental and physical health are obvious. First, I have a tendency to be task oriented. This is a great quality when I am working on a doctorate, but is not always good for relaxing and enjoying time with my family. Second, my mind never seems to turn off. Sometimes, I become very engaged with difficult clients as I attempt to help them work through their difficulties and solve their problems. While my level of engagement is not inappropriate and I do not feel as though I have to fix the client, the level of expended emotional energy may not be appropriate outside of a session. Both of these personal attributes can create stress in my professional and private life. Additionally, my husband and I have six children. The oldest has mental health issues and although she lives alone, there are daily phone calls and regular emergency room visits when the medication levels are unbalanced. My youngest i... ... discuss my policy with them. To me, the questions I ask when considering any kinds of self-disclosure are (1) does this help my client, (2) can this harm my client, and (3) what are the negative repercussions that could come from disclosure? Because self-disclosure is rarely beneficial to a client, the answer to these three questions is usually â€Å"no.† References Orlinsky, D. E., Schofield, M. J., Schroder, T., & Kazantzis, N. (2011). Utilization of personal therapy by psychotherapists: a practice-friendly review and a new study. Journal Of Clinical Psychology, 67(8), 828-842. doi:10.1002/jclp.20821 Taylor, L., McMinn, M. R., Bufford, R. K., & Chang, K. T. (2010). Psychologists’ attitudes and ethical concerns regarding the use of social networking web sites. Professional Psychology: Research And Practice, 41(2), 153-159. doi:10.1037/a0017996